Wiki Sr 71 - The Lockheed A-12 is a Mach 3+ high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft built by Lockheed's Skunk Works for the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) from the designs of Clarence "Kelly" Johnson. The aircraft is designated A-12, the 12th in a series of interior work for Archangel, the aircraft's internal codename. In 1959 it was selected as a GUSTO winner for the Fish and Kingfish project developed by Convair and operated as part of the Oxcart project.
CIA officials initially supported Convair's design for its smaller radar cross section, but the A-12's specifications were slightly better and the estimated cost was much lower. In each of the records of the societies they were decisive. Convair's work on the B-58 was plagued by delays and costs, while Lockheed produced the U-2 on time and under budget. In addition, Lockheed had experience promoting "black" design.
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This A-12 was produced from 1962 to 1964 and flew from 1963 to 1968. It was the precursor to the US Air Force YF-12 prototype twin platform interceptor, the M-21 launcher for the D-21 unmanned aerial vehicle, and the SR. 71 Merula, a slightly longer version that can carry heavier logs and cabin loads. The A-12 began its flying mission in 1967 and its last mission was in May 1968; The program and aircraft were launched in June. The program officially opened in the mid-1990s.
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A CIA officer later wrote: "Oxcart was selected from a random list of codes to work on the R&D and later on the A-12. The developer himself was later named."
When the CIA's Project Rainbow failed to bring back the U-2's radar cross section (RCS), preliminary work began at Lockheed in late 1957 to develop an aircraft that would be preferred by the Soviet Union. Designer Kelly Johnson said, "I remember having long discussions with [CIA Deputy Director for Plans] Richard Bissell in April 1958 about whether to continue with the U-2. We agreed that it was going to be ... a second round."
As part of Project Gusto, the plans are nicknamed "Archangel" after the U-2 program called "Angel". As aircraft designs evolved and configuration changes were made, Lockheed's internal designation changed from Archangel-1 to Archangel-2, and so on. The names of these development designs soon became simply "A-1", "A-2", etc.
These plans reached the A-11 stage where the program was reviewed. The A-11 competed with a Convair offering called the Kingfish, which had a roughly similar performance. However, the Rexfish included several features that significantly reduced its RCS, which was acceptable for the board. Lockheed responded with a simple upgrade to the A-11, adding double flaps for one right wing and adding several areas of non-metallic material. A^ 12 this plan was done. On January 26, 1960, the CIA ordered 12 A-12s.
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Since the A-12 was so far ahead of its time, many new technologies had to be incorporated into the Oxcart name, and some remained in use throughout the day. One of the biggest problems engine builders faced at the time was working with Titan.
B Riches in his book Skunk Works: A Personal Memoir of My Years at Lockheed: "Our actor, the Titanium Metals Corporation, had a large supply of precious tin, so the CIA conducted an investigation and used third parties and shell companies. One of the world's leading exporters he bought a metal base from the Soviet Union without any problems.The Russians never understood how to contribute to making a plane to explore their country.
Prior to the A-12, titanium was used only in high-temperature exhaust markets and other small parts directly to feed, cool or shape the temperature regions in the aircraft subject to the greatest movement of heating by the air flow. leading edge But the A-12 is made mostly of titanium. Titanium is a very difficult and difficult machine, which makes available difficult forms of curved methods. From there it is difficult to form a wing with leading edges and similar surfaces. The solution was found by processing small "inflates" of material with the desired shape and gluing them to the bottom of the body, which is linear. A good example is in the wing; under the lattice of nails and stringers they formed a web, leaving triangular furrows filled with cords to the edge of the first.
In the transition to the A-12, another RCS improvement was made, replacing the intakes with new radar-absorbing composite materials of ferrite iron and silicon plates combined with asbestos to attract radar recycling and stealth aircraft.
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After being built in Burbank, California, the first A-12 was flown to the Spouse Lake Test Facility (Area 51) and produced at the Skunk Works (Area 51).
On April 25, 1962, it made its first (piloted and unmanned) flight with Lockheed experimental pilot Louis Schalk at the controls.
The first official flight was on April 30, and the second supersonic flight was on May 4, 1962, reaching 40,000 feet (12,000 m) at a speed of Mach 1.1.
In 1962, the first five A-12s flew with Pratt & Whitney J75s, capable of 17,000 lbf (76 kN).
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You'll fan each other, allowing J75-equipped A-12s to reach speeds of about Mach 2.0. On October 5, 1962, the A-12 flew with newly designed J58 fuselages, one J75 fuselage and one J58 fuselage. Early in 1963, the A-12 flew with J58 guns, and by 1963, A-12s equipped with the J58 had a top speed of Mach 3.2.
Collins took off safely and put on a flight signal suit, avoiding the necessary questions from the truck driver who picked him up. The 51st district was called by the highway patrol.
The reaction to the disaster revealed the mystery and importance of the matter. CIA news articles and public records have referred to the aircraft as the Republic F-105 Thunderchief.
Two neighboring farmers were told that there were nuclear weapons to stop the plane from approaching the crash site;
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Both local law enforcement and a passing family were strictly warned to keep quiet about the accident. $25,000 in cash was paid for each; The project often used such payments to avoid outside investigations. The project is well funded; The contract guards were paid $1,000 a month with free housing, and Las Vegas chefs were available 24 hours a day for steak, Maine lobster or other requests.
A total of 18 aircraft were built during the production program. Of these, 13 were A-12s, three were YF-12A prototypes for the US Air Force (not funded under the OXCART program) and two were M-21 surveillance drones. One of the 13 A-12s was a special trainer aircraft with a second seat placed behind the pilot and allowing the instructor to watch the pilot. The A-12 trainer, dubbed the "Titan Goose", retained the J75 powerplants for life.
Three more A-12s were lost in the subsequent test. On July 9, 1964, Article 133 collapsed on the final approach of the bridge when the snowball had grown to a height of 500 feet (150 m) and a speed of 200 knots (230 mph; 370 km/h). begins with a gentle roll to the left. Lockheed test pilot Bill Park couldn't beat the volume. It dropped to an angle of about 45 degrees and a height of 200 feet (61 m) and flew sideways from the aircraft. Since he was not very high above the ground, he activated his parachute and landed safely.
On December 28, 1965, the third A-12 was lost, the Article 126, which crashed 30 seconds after takeoff, causing the aircraft to go out of control in a very fast pitch and pitch action. Mele Vojvodic to complete the flight check-in flight no. It was 126, which included a beacon test with KC-135 tanks, and flew 150 to 200 feet (46 m) above the ground. A post-accident investigation revealed the main cause. the crash was a maintenance error, the electrical line of the flight stability confirmed that there was a fault in the web wiring connection connecting the rotation speed of the boost system and the frequency of the gyroscope to control the surface servos, indicating the power inputs that pitch changes controlling the pitch of the aircraft and But the inputs that control the left or right yaw in the yaw angle of the aircraft they changed The investigation blamed the negligence of the electrician, also noted that maintenance tracking was the cause of the failures and the decision to replace the aircraft was allowed in the first place.
Faster Than A Speeding Bullet
The first fatality of the Oxcart program occurred on January 5, 1967, when "Article 125" crashed CIA pilot Walter Ray as he exited the plane en route to a test site. The exact cause of the loss could not be determined and it was thought that a fuel metering error was the most likely cause of the fuel switch.
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